Files created using Microsoft Office applications have more metadata than many forensic practitioners realize. Word documents, Excel spreadsheets, Powerpoint presentations, and Outlook e-mail messages are essentially a file system within a file. They are structured storage files that use OLE to create the equivalent of folders (called storages) and files (called streams).

For example, consider metadata embedded within Word 2003 documents. The Summary Information metadata extracted from a Word document using Harlan Carvey’s wmd.pl Perl script is shown here:

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Summary Information
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Title : cmdLabs
Subject :
Authress : LastName FirstName
LastAuth : LastName FirstName
RevNum : 39
AppName : Microsoft Word 11.4.2
Created : 01.28.2009, 12:12:00
Last Saved : 02.05.2009, 00:36:00
Last Printed : 02.03.2009, 15:08:00

Beyond the Summary Information metadata that most forensic practitioners are familiar with and many tools can extract, Word documents also have a FILETIME value in the ROOT ENTRY header that records the last time a document was altered. This value can provide the last modified time of a document even if the timestamps in the file system or Summary Information metadata have been maliciously altered (utilities are available that make such tampering simple).

An example of this date-time stamp in the ROOT ENTRY header is provided here (2/5/2009 12:36:04 AM):

Forensic examiners should also be aware that Microsoft Office documents have embedded metadata associated with individual objects within the file, as shown here using SSView (http://www.mitec.cz/).

Excel also contains an abundance of metadata stored within its Binary Interchange File Format (BIFF5 – 8). For instance, the cells that were selected the last time a spreadsheet was saved, and the registered name that most recently opened the document with write access. Much of this metadata is accessible using BIFFView (http://b2xtranslator.sourceforge.net). A portion of the BIFFView output with the WRITEACCESS field is show here:

Reading the documented file formats of Microsoft Office files (http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc313118.aspx) can help forensic practitioners delve deeper into metadata, but can also be misleading and inaccurate. Therefore, it is crucial to perform controlled experiments to locate and understand the meaning of specific metadata.